In Sports: Benefits and Applications Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT), sometimes referred to as Kaatsu, is a rehabilitation technique quickly gaining popularity among physicians and physical therapists.
In Sports: Benefits and Applications Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT), sometimes referred to as Kaatsu, is a rehabilitation technique quickly gaining popularity among physicians and physical therapists. In fact, the popularity and value is so great that many strength and conditioning coaches are now using it to help build strength in healthy athletes. Originally proposed in the 1970s with Dr Kaatsu, the first publication came in 1998.
Case Question You are managing a patient who recently underwent an ACL reconstruction. Early in the postoperative period, the physical therapist is looking to implement blood flow restriction training (BFRT) as part of the rehabilitation. Which of the following is true regarding BFRT and ACL rehab?
A) Attenuate postoperative muscle atrophy B) Increase ACL graft cross sectional area C) Decrease time in knee brace D) Decrease need for post-op narcotics BFRT The technique can be described as having the goal of occluding venous outflow of the affected limb without limiting arterial inflow. This leads to an anaerobic environment where ischemia and hypoxia occur; generating cell signaling and hormonal changes similar to what is see with high intensity resistance training. Clinically, this becomes a relevant musculoskeletal (MSK) rehabilitation tool because it does not require the high joint forces associated with heavy-load exercise.
Individuals can achieve increased muscle burden and physiologic changes at a lower level of resistance training. The exact mechanism of action is poorly understood but several proposed theories include: (a) primarily related to metabolic stress, mechanical tension, (b) elevated systemic hormone production, (c) cell swelling, (d) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (e) intramuscular anabolic /anticatabolic signaling, and (f) increased fast-twitch fiber recruitment. It is likely multifactorial.
The technique centers around a device which provides occlusion. There are many products including pneumatic cuffs, hand-pumped blood pressure cuff, elastic wraps and Kaatsu bands (see images below). The amount of occlusion ranges from 60 to 270 mm Hg based on the study referenced.
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to blood flow restriction training, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.
*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*
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