The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated adult joint and the most commonly dislocated joint in children.
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated adult joint and the most commonly dislocated joint in children. Elbow dislocations are classified as simple or complex. Simple implies a pure dislocation, although small avulsion fractures may be present up to 2 mm in diameter.
Complex dislocations are associated with fractures of the olecranon, radial head, or coronoid process. The goal of treatment in all dislocations is to obtain a concentric and stable reduction to allow early movement of the elbow joint and to restore function. The best available literature on this topic consists of weak epidemiologic data and small case series.
The elbow joint is generally very stable and requires a fairly significant amount of force to dislocate, with the most common mechanism being a fall on an outstretched arm. Posterior or posterolateral dislocations are most common (80%). The mechanism is most commonly having the elbow hyperextend, arm abduct and forearm supinate together, which causes movement of the olecranon posteriorly.
The elbow dislocates after the ring of soft tissues surrounding the joint are compromised, including the lateral collateral ligament, anterior capsule, and medial collateral ligament. The structures are usually disrupted in that order with progressive translation from stable to perched and, finally, complete dislocation. Case Vignette While you are covering a wrestling event, a 17 year old is returned to the mat by an opposing wrestler and you observe him fall on an outstretched arm.
He screamed out in pain and the match was stopped. You are called over by the athletic trainer with what seems to be an obvious elbow deformity and you have concern for an elbow dislocation. What is the age range with the highest incidence and what is the most common type of dislocation?
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to closed reduction techniques for elbow dislocations, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.
*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*
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