The coronoid process is the anterior and most distal portion of the ulna at the level of the elbow joint.
The coronoid process is the anterior and most distal portion of the ulna at the level of the elbow joint. The coronoid process acts as an elbow stabilizer when the elbow is flexed between 60 and 105 degrees. The coronoid primarily resists varus and posteriorly directed forces.
The coronoid process is typically fractured during elbow dislocations. The coronoid is part of the terrible triad, which occurs during a fracture-dislocation event of the elbow and includes the elbow dislocation and coronoid and radial head fractures. Fractures of the coronoid process are classified based on the Regen and Morrey criteria.
A type I fracture is defined as an avulsion of the coronoid process, a type II fracture is a fracture that makes up 50 percent or less of the coronoid process, and finally a type III fracture is a fracture that makes up 50% or more of the coronoid process. Classification of coronoid fractures Diagnosis of coronoid process fractures are typically made with the lateral view of an elbow radiograph series. For more complex coronoid process fractures, a CT scan should be performed to better assess fracture pattern.
Coronoid Process Tip Fracture The primary key to treatment of a coronoid subtype I fracture is early range of motion. Providers needs to consider these fractures as part of a dislocation like process and evaluate for concurrent radial head fracture. It is not common to have an isolated coronoid fracture nonunion and typically, if they occur, are asymptomatic.
Recent studies have looked at arthroscopic surgical options for coronoid process nonunion. Typically, a fracture greater than 50% of the coronoid process can lead to elbow instability. It is uncommon to sublux the elbow with a fracture less than 50% of the coronoid process.
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to coronoid process fractures, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.
*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*
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