Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that affects one or both knee joints, primarily causing progressive damage to the articular cartilage resulting in chronic pain, joint swelling and reduced...
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that affects one or both knee joints, primarily causing progressive damage to the articular cartilage resulting in chronic pain, joint swelling and reduced range of knee joint motion, starting and worsening with aging. Its prevalence is estimated to be a broad range of 10-40% in different parts of the world among different age groups and is a staple for many orthopedic practices. As practitioners, it is always important to stay up do date on available options for this common condition.
Radiation therapy (RT) has been used worldwide to treat benign conditions for over a century. Since the discovery of x-rays and their rapid adoption for therapeutic purposes, many advancements have been made in our understanding of the benefits and risks of RT. Through several decades of investigation, it has become apparent that RT has different biologic effects at different doses.
Conventional and hypofractionated RT have antiproliferative principles that are used in the treatment of malignant disorders. Alternatively, at doses of less than 1 Gray (Gy) per fraction, RT has been shown to have strong anti-inflammatory effects. By using anti-inflammatory properties, low dose radiation therapy (LDRT) has been used to successfully treat painful musculoskeletal conditions.
Conditions such as plantar fasciitis, trochanteric bursitis, medial and lateral epicondylitis, tendinopathies of various joints, and osteoarthritis (OA) of both large and small joints have been shown to benefit from LDRT. Limetime risk of osteoarthritis by gender. The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of pain relief after RT are continuing to be investigated.
Recent radiobiological studies show that low doses of radiation have anti-inflammatory efficacy based on the modulation of a multitude of inflammatory pathways and cellular components, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, and macrophages. Macrophages have been shown to play an integral role in the inflammatory pathway via multiple pathways, including ability to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. LDRT has been shown to significantly modulate macrophages via the nitric oxide pathway through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase leading to reduced nitric oxide production.
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to low dose radiation for knee osteoarthritis, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.
*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*
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