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General Sports Medicine

Photobiomodulation for osteoarthritis and tendinopathy

The use of red light and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is increasing amongst patients looking for options to treat osteoarthritis and tendinopathy.

G
Greg Rubin
Sports Medicine Physician ยท September 21, 2025 ยท 3 min read

Overview

The use of red light and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is increasing amongst patients looking for options to treat osteoarthritis and tendinopathy. The term LASER stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The wavelengths of red light are able to penetrate human tissues deeper than violet or yellow light.

Symptoms

There are many different classifications for photobiomodulation involving different types of radiation, wavelength, and energy intensity. There are a wide variety of commercially available red or near-infrared light. In research, the wavelength range typically seen is between 600 โ€“ 1000 nm.

Causes and Risk Factors

Low-intensity laser therapy typically includes power of less than one-watt. Low level laser therapy has penetration of approximately 2-3 cm. The goal with laser therapy is to reduce inflammation in an affected tendon or joint.

Treatment Options

Photobiomodulation aims to enhance collagen synthesis, promote ATP production, and increase chondrocyte activity. LLLT has been found to enhance angiogenesis and increases regeneration of muscle fibers. The red light is thought to be absorbed in the cytochrome c oxidase of the mitrochondria and then leads to downstream effects like increased ATP production and upregulation of growth factors.

Recovery

Effects of red light on subcutaneous tissue LLLT is commonly used in physical therapy as an aid to improve muscle strength. In a study looking at knee osteoarthritis, they found the optimal wavelength for the light therapy was 808 nm. At this wavelength, no adverse effects were seen.

When to See a Doctor

If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to photobiomodulation for osteoarthritis and tendinopathy, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.

*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*

General Sports MedicineTendinopathyArthritis
G
Greg Rubin
Sports Medicine Physician
Sports Medicine Review contributor

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