A Review of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforations Introduction Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations are the result of a direct hit to the external portion of the ear.
A Review of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforations Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations are the result of a direct hit to the external portion of the ear. This type of mechanism is typically seen in boxing. The rupture occurs from barotrauma in scuba diving or altitude change.
The direct blow to the ear causes an increase in pressure in the ear canal leading to a perforation. The tympanic membrane is also known as the eardrum and is considered the transition point from the external to inner ear. The membrane itself is a three-layer structure that is anchored to the medial aperture of the ear canal.
After trauma, the remodeling of the tympanic membrane following rupture is a complex process that involves epithelial cell migration, fibroblast increase, and tissue remodeling. Image of the tympanic membrane rupture Diagnosis Patients typically complain of an acute blunt trauma, a penetrating injury, or a barotrauma injury. A tympanic membrane injury typically leads to a conductive hearing loss that correlates with the size of the perforation.
A sensorineural hearing loss is seen less commonly, secondary to displacement of the stapes. Patients can also complain of ear pain, temporary vertigo, and tinnitus. Otoscope visualization of the tympanic membrane Treatment Non-operative treatment has been shown to heal spontaneously in up to 80% of patients.
Patients should be advised to try and keep the ear dry and not allow any water in the ear canal. Risk factors for failure of spontaneous healing include a large perforation and a peripheral location of the perforation. In order to facilitate healing, some ENT's place a paper patch over the edge of the perforation and some will apply fibroblast growth factor to the perforation.
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to a review on traumatic tympanic membrane perforations, it is important to see a sports medicine physician. Early evaluation and treatment typically lead to better outcomes. Do not ignore pain or symptoms that are limiting your activity.
*This article is for educational purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.*
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